Background: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is one of the most common neonatal respiratory disease and its symptoms usually begins in the first few hours after birth. The VOLUME of FLUID intake according to the neonate's conditions varies. We aimed to compare the restricted FLUIDs VOLUME with standard FLUIDs VOLUME in treatment of neonates with TTN. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 80 neonates with a diagnosis of TTN admitted in the Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Fatemiyeh Hospital and Beasat Hospital of Hamadan Medical University in Iran. Patients were randomly divided to standard FLUIDs VOLUME (control = 40), and restricted FLUIDs VOLUME treatment groups (case = 40). The hospitalization duration, oxygen therapy duration as well as the number of days need for oxygen with hood; Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP), and mechanical ventilation therapy was recorded. After data collection, the data were statistically analyzed via SPSS software (version 21. 0). Results: The subjects were 30 (37. 5%) females and 50 (62. 5%) males (62. 5%) with an average gestational age of 38. 12 (± 1. 07) weeks. The main aim from this interventional study was effect of restricted FLUID therapy on management of TTN in NICU section. The hospitalization duration, oxygen therapy duration and need for oxygen therapy with hood in the intervention group were significantly lower than the control group (P<0. 05), but need for mechanical ventilation and need for NCPAP were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion TTN treatment with restricted FLUIDs VOLUME, compared with standard VOLUME of FLUIDs, significantly reduces the need for respiratory supports as well as the duration of hospitalization in the NICU section.

The ability of accurately determine intraperitoneal FLUID VOLUME would be useful in both research and clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to develop a method by which intraperitoneal FLUID VOLUME in dog can be estimated, using ultrasonography. In this survey VOLUME of intraperitoneal FLUID in six adult healthy female dogs (mean weight 16.3 kg) were determined after injection of 1000 and 2000 ml of saline 0.9% solution, in their abdominal cavities. Depth of peritoneal FLUID was measured in three regions, ultrasonographically. In each region of abdomen, VOLUME was estimated based on geometric formula, using a segment of a sphere VOLUME. In order to generalize the results of ultrasonography, point and interval estimations with 95% confidence interval and calculation error's percent were also calculated using SPSS software. Interval estimation showed each millimeter of ascitic FLUID in ultrasonography is equal to 11 to 15 ml FLUID in cranial abdomen, 14 to 20 ml in mid-abdomen and 16 to 28 ml in caudal abdomen. The VOLUME estimation with ultrasonography in caudal to the sternum, umbilical area and cranial to the pelvis were 50.9 higher, 10.4 lower and 12.8 lower than actual VOLUMEs of 1000 ml, respectively and were 56.9 higher, 5.3 lower and 50.3 lower than actual VOLUMEs of 2000 ml, respectively. In conclusion, calculation error percentage was much more in caudal to the sternum and cranial to the pelvis than in umbilical area. As a result, the best location for VOLUME estimation of intraperitoneal FLUID was in around the umbilicus.

Incompressible Free Surface Flows One of the most powerful methods to implement the free surface is the VOLUME of FLUID (VOF) in this study, an algorithm is developed, which includes an implicit pressure based method (SIMPLE) with a staggered grid and a Lagrangian propagation VOF method. Based on this algorithm, a computer code is generated and a cavity with a free surface and two test cases of dam - breaking problems are examined and, then, the effect of FLUID sloshing on a near wall is also analyzed and a time history of the normal force on the wall is presented. The results show good agreement with experimental and other computational results

Amniotic FLUID VOLUME (AFV) is one of the important parameters in the assessment of fetal well-being. The ability of ultrasound measurements to represent the actual AFV is unproven. This study was undertaken to compare correlation of conventional amniotic FLUID index (AFI) and radial amniotic FLUID index (RAFI) as a new method with actual FLUID VOLUME on phantom. As an experimental study, 10 to 100 ml of water with 5 ml intervals was injected to a rubber bladder as a uterus phantom containing a 15 week gestational age fetus. The vertical diameter was measured in largest FLUID pouch at each quadrant. Four diameters were summed as conventional AFI. The largest radial diameter perpendicular to uterus and fetus was measured at four quadrants and were summed as RAFI. Databases were analyzed based on correlation and regression methods. RAFI and conventional AFI predicted 91.6% and 65% of variations of FLUID VOLUME, respectively (P < 0.001). In conclusion, RAFI is more accurate and reliable than conventional AFI in the prediction of injected FLUID VOLUME.      

A plunging liquid jet is defined as a moving column of liquid passing through a gaseous headspace, air in our case, before impinging a free surface of receiving liquid pool. The mechanism of air entrainment due to plunging liquid jets is very complex and the complete mechanism of air entrainment is not fully understood so far. The present paper is an unsteady numerical simulation of air entrainment by water jet plunging, using the VOLUME Of FLUID (VOF) model. The piece wise linear interface construction algorithm (PLIC) for interface tracking is used, to describe the phase distributions of entirely immiscible air and liquid phases. The aim of this work is to investigate the performance and accuracy of the VOF method in predicting the initial impact between the descending jet and water free surface, air entrainment and the developing flow region under free surface. Three scale models based on geometric similarities (Froude number and dimensionless free jet length) are used for validation according to Chanson (2004) experience. The simulations show with accuracy, the air cavity formation steps, caused by the initial jet impact, its deep stretching under the pool free surface, until breakdown due to the shear created by a toroidal vortex. In terms of, air entrainment estimation, bubble dispersion and radial distribution of air VOLUME fraction, large-scale models present a good agreement with the experience. However, for the smallest scale model, the results lead to suggest that air entrainment is governed by more parameters than the geometric similarities.

In this investigation, α 2-D Finite VOLUME Method (FVM) with unstructured triangular mesh is developed to simulate the mould filling process. The simulation of FLUID flow and track of free surface is based on the Marker And Cell (MAC) technique. This technique has capability of handling the arbitrary curved solid boundaries in the casting processes. In order to verify the computational results of the simulation, a thin disk plate with transparent mould was tested. The mould filling process was recorded using a 16mm high-speed camera. Images were analyzed frame by frame, in order to tracking of free surface and filling rate during mould filling. Comparison between the experimental method and the simulation results has shown a good agreement.

In the current study, the flow field and morphology development of a polyethylene (PE) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) blend were investigated numerically during extrusion through a spinneret using Fluent 6.3.26 software. The interface of the two phases was tracked using the VOLUME of FLUID (VOF) method. In a conventional spinneret, EVA droplets near the walls break up due to the high shear rate, while the central droplet deforms without breaking up. To enhance the breakup of EVA droplets, the effects of device geometry, including the spinneret angle and the presence of one or two lamps, were investigated in detail. The numerical results indicated that a decrease in the spinneret angle from 60° to 45° causes the central droplet to become more elongated in the flow direction. Additionally, the results showed that the presence of one or two lamps in the conical zone of the spinneret causes a portion of the central droplet to break up.

Introduction: Each Dam consists of a large number of side structures, one of the most important of which is flood discharge structures. Among these structures, we can mention lower drains and overflows, which are mostly used for flood discharge in large Dams. Spillways and lower dischargers must be able to discharge the VOLUME of water equal to the largest possible flood in the Dam catchment area in a short period of time. If this work is not done with enough confidence, the flood will pass over the crown of the dam and cause a lot of damage to the dam and its ancillary facilities, and in many cases this will cause the Dam to fail. Until now, various types of launchers have been used to consume flow energy, which can be mentioned as simple launchers, compound and toothed launchers. Launchers are usually used at the end of shot weirs, tunnel weirs and horizontal channels if the topographical and geological conditions are suitable. From the point of view of geometry, simple launchers are also divided into two types: cup-shaped and triangular-shaped, of which the cup-shaped type is more common. A cup-shaped launcher has an axial curvature along the longitudinal axis in the flow direction.Methodology: In general, until now, the investigation of the flow on the launchers leading to the shot overflows and dynamic pressure has been done through laboratory models. As far as the criterion for the design of launchers has been presented experimentally and the selection of the optimal shape of the launcher has been through the construction of hydraulic models. So far, the calculation of dynamic pressures on the bed of Cup Launchers has been of piezometric type (Dynamic pressures are taken with a piezometer). In this research, it has been tried to determine the fluctuations of pressure and force in the bed of cup-shaped launchers leading to inclined shot overflows, within the scope of the available capabilities and options by using the experiments conducted by others, as well as the values calculated in the numerical method for the speed and pressure to be investigated and studied. In this research, by using Heger's pressure distribution equation, the power distribution was obtained in experimental tests on the hydraulic model of Jarah dam.Results and Discussion: Due to the fact that it has been tested in Jare overflow in different landing numbers, so the dimensionless diagram of relative force, relative pressure and force distribution on the bottom of the bucket will be as follows. Of course, it should be considered that since the length of the bucket in the overflow of the jar is Lt=19.08 and also the maximum pressure value is at xmax=9.8098, so the last value for the relative location X=x/xmax=95/ is 1. The maximum pressure occurs inside the cup and in a range of xpm={(0.45),(0.6)Lt}2, but the minimum pressure in two places of the cup xpin=(0.1),(0.9)Lt is more likely to occur. that force fluctuations are in the range of positive and negative values, which is in very good agreement with analytical and laboratory studies and its difference in the range of (0.7-0) L is less than 28% error, which Paying attention to the fact that it has been investigated with experimental studies is acceptable. It should be noted that in the laboratory model, the flow is developed, but in the numerical model, the flow is uniform, for this reason, a large difference is observed at the beginning. Another reason for its difference is that, in reality, the nature of the laboratory is different from the nature of the numerical model, which is in the form of average Navirastox equations, which itself causes errors. Another reason for the error difference in the range of (0.7, 0.9) L is that the minimum and maximum power coefficients increase with the increase in flow rate and decrease in the Froude number, so the smallest difference occurs at the edge of the cup launcher.Conclusion: The presence of the launcher at the end of the shot overflow creates a dynamic pressure on the bed of the end of the shot, but the effect of this pressure is less compared to channels without slope, due to the presence of the shot slope. Inside the cup, the maximum pressure head is created almost at the bottom of the launcher. The maximum pressure occurs inside the cup and in a range of xpm={(0.45),(0.6)Lt}, but the minimum pressure in two places of the cup xpin=(0.1),(0.9)Lt has a high probability of its occurrence. The size of the force in the analytical and numerical calculations is also in good agreement with the force values whose fluctuations are shown in Figure 4, and the overall error percentage in the desired overflow is about 35% during the interval L(0.8-0). is, that this difference is due to the constant input number in the integral. In the discussion about the location of the minimum force in buckets, XPmin ≈ 0.1 and XPmin ≈ 0.6 where the force will be at its lowest value and the thickness of the slab required in that range is the minimum value and one of the reasons is that in this range It reaches its minimum when the value of angle α decreases in this range and reduces the centrifugal force, and in that range it becomes similar to an open flow on a horizontal surface, and the difference It is about 5% by numerical calculations.